Origins Of Our Universe
Big Bang Theory
The story is about 1608 when a dutch eyeglass maker, Hans Lipperhey invented a device which can magnify any object 3 time, this was the birth of Telescope. Then, in 1609, an Italian Polymath, Galileo Galilei invented his first telescope and had his first look in the space. This was the biggest achievement of Human History because from now everything was going to change. He is called The Father of Telescope for this invention. He observed that night stars were actually planets which were orbiting Sun not Earth, He then supported the Heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus. But Church found this discovery goofy and this made Galileo Life imprisoned and he died in 1642 in prison. Church also banned all Heliocentric books, but the truth can't be hidden. Telescopes were developing time by time and we started discovering more planets of our solar system, but still, our universe was that which we can see.
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| First Telescope of Galileo Galilei |
Overtime telescopes and our ability got developed and then started the 20th century, the time when we're able to see the deep universe. In the early 20th century Mount Wilson Observatory was established by an American astronomer, Geoge Ellery Hale, His mission was to solve the unknown mysteries of our universe. In his Observatory, He installed the biggest Telescope of that time, The 100-inch Telescope. Finally, in 1917, the doors of the Observatory were opened and we discovered many things in the universe, the astronomers saw weird colorful clouds, which were of different shapes, some spiral, some oval, and some of uncertain shapes. These were Nebulas, but at that time nobody knew what were they and How far were they?
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| Mt. Wilson Observatory and The 100'' Telescope |
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| Edvin Hubble with The 100" Telescope |
Ellery Hale invited all of the best astronomers to solve these mysteries. One of these selected astronomers was, Edvin Hubble, He was really a very good Observational astronomer. He studied all the Nebulas day and night, one of these nebulas attracted him ver much, Andromeda Nebula. He could see various stars present in it, but to prove that it was a Galaxy and not a nebula, he needs to measure its distance from us, but it was not a normal task. But, by the Standard Candle method, he measured the distance of Andromeda Galaxy from us. He estimated the distance as 8,00,000 Light years (Real Distance - 25,37,000 Light years), which was 8 times far from our galaxy's far most star, which proved that it was out of our galaxy, it was a different galaxy. He discovered many more galaxies and found that many spiral nebulas were actually galaxies. Hubble's these discoveries changed the perspective of how we look to our universe, many galaxies exist in it. Afterward, Hubble discovered that these galaxies were going away from us, then he came to know that the galaxies were not going away but our universe was extending. This was one of the biggest discoveries of astronomy. But Why, Why was it extending, is it possible that once everything was shrunk at a single point.
This was the birth of the Big Bang Theory, which tells us that our whole universe was shrunk at a fine point which was of the size of a Photon, a super explosion of it given birth to our universe, but we need evidence to prove it. But for it, we need a different type of telescope, which can see other Electromagnetic Waves than visible light.
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| Various Electromagnetic waves |
In 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson invented a new Radio Telescope which can observe various microwaves and radio waves coming from space. They thought to observe the Empty space of the universe, which contain nothing. They were shocked to see that microwave signals were coming from empty space where nothing exists. Afterward, many microwave signals were captured from all over the universe. They both thought that there were some technical errors, for which they checked it and done some minor changes, but still, microwaves were received, the signal told us that empty space where nothing exists, should have a Temperature equal to '0' but it was 3 degree above '0'. Unknowingly they both discovered evidence of the Big Bang. These microwaves were actually afterglows of the Big Bang. Arno and Robert were awarded the Nobel prize in 1978 for their historical discovery. And here is How Big Bang was discovered and proved
And Here's How Big Bang was Discovered and proved 
Arno and Robert with their first Radio Telescope
